Management of Salbutamol Therapy in a Patient with Bronchial Asthma and a History of Hypertension: A Case Report

Abstract

Asthma is an acute or chronic disease characterised by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Hypertension is defined as an increase in systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg and an increase in diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg. Meanwhile, salbutamol is a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used for acute bronchospasm caused by asthma that may be related to the patient’s hypertension issues. This case report describes the management of salbutamol therapy in a 57-year-old female with bronchial asthma and a history of hypertension. Salbutamol is a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist that, when inhaled, stimulates beta-2 receptors in the smooth muscles of the airways. This action causes the muscles to relax, reducing airway constriction and improving airflow. While salbutamol is not typically contraindicated in hypertensive patients, its use can lead to transient increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, especially if administered in higher doses or through certain routes (like nebulisation). Strategies to minimise increases in blood pressure include monitoring vital signs, adjusting doses, providing patient education, timing medication appropriately, considering alternative treatments, and collaborating with healthcare teams. While salbutamol is essential in asthma management, it requires careful monitoring in patients with hypertension to prevent side effects such as elevated blood pressure. Ongoing education and monitoring by healthcare providers are crucial to ensuring the safety and effectiveness of treatment in patients with hypertension.